Ingredients_old
Ingredient | INCI | Properties | Origin |
Acacia Senegal Gum | N/A | Incorporated for its film-foaming properties that binds and improves the texture of the emulsion. It is a natural skin brightener and it also stabilises the odour from various ingredients in the formula. | Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Alcohol Denat | N/A | Has antiseptic and antibacterial properties. They are lightweight and help products dry quickly on the skin. They help other ingredients penetrate the skin more effectively. | |
Aloe Vera | Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract | Helps soothe the skin and act as an anti-inflammatory agent. It has been clinically proven to be effective for healing burns, wounds and scars. When applied topically, the compound aloin in aloe vera blocks up to 30% of . UV rays and protects the skin from sun damage. | |
An aqueous solution of the steam distillate obtained from the flowers of rosa damascene | Rosa Damascena Flower Water | Reduces inflammation, by suppressing the growth of certain types of bacteria. Refreshes the skin without stripping it of its natural oils. Is rich in antioxidants – molecules that protect the cells from oxidative stress and help your skin stay youthful and healthy. Also rich in vitamins and minerals that play a key role in the synthesis of collagen and elastin. | Middle East |
Apricot Kernel Oil | Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil | Light oil that is similar to almond oil in its fatty acid makeup. It absorbs nicely into the skin and is a good luxury conditioning oil in soap. | US, South Africa, Morocco. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Argan Oil | Argaia Spinosa (Argan) Kernal Oil | Moisturising ingredient which is rich in Vitamin E, essential fatty acids and anti-oxidants that neutralises free radicals activity and protects the skin against environmental stresses. | Morocco. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Avocado Oil | Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil | It is very high in mono-saturated fats and oleic acid. Avocado oil is rich in vitamins A, B-5, D and E. It also contains potassium, lecithin and beta carotene. It contains biotin, anti-oxidants and essential minerals that vitalises and protect the skin, hair and scalp. | Kenya. Cold pressed, pure, organic. |
Baobab Oil | Adansonia Digitata (Baobab) Seed Oil | Contains strong anti-oxidants which protect the skin by fighting off the skin scavenging free radicals. It promotes antiaging and contains properties that revitalizes and renews skin. Its moisturizing fatty acids deeply penetrates to nourish and soften the skin, which makes it ideal for dry skin. It treats stretch marks. It is non-irritant and anti-inflammatory. A highly moisturising agent that is rich in Vitamins A, E and essential fatty acids. A light oil which quickly absorbs onto skin to deeply moisturise and nourish the skin. It preserves collagen to give the skin a visibly smooth, soft and youthful look. | Zimbabwe. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Bergamot Fruit | Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil, | It balances oil production. Toning, cleansing and gently antiseptic. It soothes skin irritations, minimizes the look of scars and other marks on the skin. | Italy |
Bilberry | Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract | Applied to skin, bilberry is known to strengthen skin against signs of redness, likely due to its calming properties. Bilberry can also boost skin’s environmental defenses. | |
Black Tea | Camellia Sinensis (Black Tea) Leaf Extract | It acts as an astringent that is again helpful in mild exfoliation as well as shrinking the skin pores. The extract can also act as antimicrobial and UV absorber. | |
Blue Lotus Flower | Nymphaea Caerulea Flower Extract | Improves skin complexion by reducing spots, scars and fights discoloration. It is a good moisturizer for dry, flaky skin. It fights acne and provides oil control for oily skin | Africa |
Caprylic/Capric Glucoside | N/A | It is a safe-to-use surfactant that the skincare industry uses to increase foaming capacity in skin and hair care products. Also, it removes dirt from a liquid solution and helps mix water in oil. | |
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride | N/A | It is an anti-oxidant that creates a barrier on the skin surface to keep the skin hydrated. It is used to thicken the emulsion and acts as a smooth lubricant. | |
Caprylyl Glycol | N/A | Attracts and holds moisture in the skin, giving the skin a smooth plumped appearance. It also acts as a preservative, stabilizing skincare formulations. | |
Carnauba Wax | Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax | The wax prevents the water and oil ingredients of the formula from separating. | |
Castor Oil | Ricinus Communis Seed Oil | Castor oil contains moisturizing fatty acids that deeply hydrates skin. It is good for the treatment of sunburns/sun-damage and contains restorative properties that promote tissue regeneration. It is soothing to skin and fights off bacteria overgrowth on skin to reduce acne. It also contains anti-fungal properties. | South Africa and Jamaica |
Cetyl Palmitate | N/A | A soothing lubricant that softens, smoothens and conditions the skin. It is used as a thickening agent and an emulsifier that binds the emulsion. | |
Cetyl Alcohol | N/A | A derivative of vegetable oil that softens and conditions the skin. It is used as a thickening agent and emulsifier that keeps the ingredients from separating. | |
Citric Acid | N/A | Exfoliates to rid skin of dead cells. Helps to unclog pores. Targets the skin's hydrating support matrix to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Helps to even skin tone, brighten, soften, and smooth the skin. | |
Cocoa Pods Ash | Theobroma cacao pod ash | These are cooked until they turn into ash or charcoal, which not only gives the soap its dark hue, but also detoxifies and exfoliates skin, and adds antioxidants to neutralize free radical damage. | |
Coconut Oil | Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Oil | Coconut oil produces soap with good creamy lather which is moisturizing and anti-inflammatory. It is rich in fatty acids and helps to remove blemish-causing dirt, bacteria and dead skin, with no irritation to the skin. | Ghana. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Corn | Propanediol (from Corn) | It has hydrating properties that may leave a smooth, dewy finish. Propanediol is a well-tolerated ingredient, not likely to cause sensitivity. Its commonly used as a solvent that’s able to dissolve substances that are found in cosmetic formulas. It is a natural emollient that moisturizes the skin when applied topically. It works to reduce water loss, leaving your face feeling softer. It works as a natural preservative in skin care and body products. It can increase the shelf life of products and promote lasting freshness. | |
Decyl Glucoside | N/A | Is a non-ionic surfactant that is used as a gentle cleansing and foaming agent. Its excellent foaming capacity and good dermatological compatibility make it suitable for use as a base surfactant or a co-surfactant in cleansing products for sensitive skin. It also helps to moisturize the skin and prevent inflammation and itchiness. | |
Decyl Oleate | N/A | A good lubricant with low viscosity. It serves as an emollient and skin conditioning agent that gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. | |
Devil’s Claw Root Extract | Harpagophytum Procumbens (Devil’s Claw) Root Extract | Relieves dry skin. | Zimbabwe |
Essential Blend for Acne - Lavender, Clary, Sage | Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Oil ; Salvia sclarea (Clary) Oil | Aromatherapy and help with acne. | Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Eucalyptus Oil | Eucalyptus Globulus (Eucalyptus) Oil | It is an anti-inflammatory ingredient with a cooling sensation that soothes sun burns. It contains anti-bacterial properties that cleanses the skin, fights breakouts and pigmentation. | |
Fatty Acids of Coconut Oil | Sodium Cocoamphoacetate | It is a coconut oil-derived surfactant, foam booster and conditioning agent. It assists in cleaning by allowing water to mix with oil and dirt so that these substances can be rinsed away. It can also increase foaming capacity or stabilize foams. Its mild and has non-irritating properties. | |
Fragrance | Natural Essential Oils | Provide scent / Aromatherapy | |
Ginger Root Oil | Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Root Oil. | An essential oil with anti-oxidant properties that neutralises free radicals activity and oxidative stresses on the skin. It is soothing to skin. | |
Glucose or Corn Syrup | Xanthan Gum | Natural ingredient used as a thickening agent, texture enhancer, and to stabilize emulsions, which is a general term for mixtures of unlike substances such as oil and water. | |
Glycerin | N/A | Glycerin has many benefits to give you healthier looking skin. Used on all skin types including oily skin. Treats oily skin conditions, like acne, skin infections, wrinkles and fine lines. Attracts moisture to skin, acts as an emollient, making skin moist, soft and supple. A highly moisturising agent that helps the skin to retain moisture. It helps to repair damaged skin, improves elasticity and fades scars. | |
Glyceryl Stearate | N/A | This is a conditioning agent which acts as a lubricant in the formula. It is used to stabilise the product, lock in moisture and keep the cream from forming a hard crust layer on the top. | |
Glycine | N/A | It is an amino-acid that improves the skin’s moisture retention and collagen production. It also helps with skin repair and regeneration. It is used to stabilise emulsions and also to find and maintain the pH balance of the emulsion. | |
Glycolic Acid | N/A | Glycolic acid has a range of anti-aging benefits. This then helps to give your skin a smoother, more youthful appearance. Once skin cells are separated, glycolic acid help to dissolve the layer of dead skin. This in turn helps to gently exfoliate, while unclogging pores and allowing new skin to breath. | |
Grape Skin Extract | Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Skin Extract | It absorbs very well and promotes the absorption of moisture into the skin, particularly for fat-soluble vitamins. Suitable for the care of acne, oily and combination skin. Even mature skin benefits from the special properties of this oil. Cosmetic properties: regenerating and promoting accessibility; anti-inflammatory; smooths callused skin; powerful antioxidant and cell membrane-protective, ideal for anti-aging skin care.Contains anti-oxidants andanti-ageing properties which gives the skin a firm, youthful look. Skin lightening agent. It is a good toner for the skin. | |
Green Tea | Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract | Provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, which may help to soothe and calm the skin while also providing protection against collagen degradation and skin discoloration. | Southern China, North India, Myanmar,Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Japan |
Hyaluronic Acid | N/A | Helps to keep skin hydrated by pooling moisture to the skin surface. | |
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose | N/A | Has good foam enhancement properties in cleansing applications. A thickening agent that is used to stabilise the emulsion. It is a lubricant that helps to lock in moisture by creating a protective coating on the skin to inhibit moisture loss. | |
Indian Gooseberry | Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract | Contains very high amounts of Vitamin C, or Ascorbic Acid, a powerful antioxidant known to reduce wrinkles, suppress pigmentation, and help skin retain its natural moisture. | India |
Jojoba Seed Oil | Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil | A soothing moisturiser that fights acne, wrinkles and fine lines. It is soothing to dry and irritated skin. It deeply hydrates skin and provides a layer on the skin surface to lock in moisture. | Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Kalahari Melon Oil | Emollient, light oil that provides antioxidants and wonderful smooth feeling on the skin and hair. | Zimbabwe. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. | |
Kale Powder | Brassica Oleracea | Contains Vitamins A, B, C, and K, antioxidants and phytonutrients. Kale is know to tightens pores, reduces dark circles, promote collagen production, increase cell turnover, prevent free-radical damage, and detoxify the skin. | Ghana. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Lactic Acid | N/A | Lactic acid is specifically used to treat hyperpigmentation, age spots, and other factors that contribute to a dull and uneven complexion. Improves skin elasticity and smoothens wrinkles. It helps skin retain moisture and keeps it hydrated, smooth and soft. | |
Lemon | Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract | It contains strong anti-tyrosinase properties. By inhibiting tyrosinase production, lemon may help with unsightly dark circles under the eyes, or dark age spots on the skin. | |
Lye | N/A | Lye has been a primary ingredient in soap for centuries. When mixed with oils and processed, the properties of both the lye and the oil change, resulting in a soap. | Ghana |
Mango Seed Butter | Mangifera Indica (Mango) Seed Butter | A highly moisturising butter which contains Vitamins A, B6, C & E; zinc and iron. It reduces fine lines, wrinkles, stretch marks, and sunburns. It deeply moisturizes, soothes and smoothens dry and sensitive skin without clogging pores. | Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Marsh-mallow Root | Althaea Officinalis (Marsh-mallow) Root Extract | The anti-inflammatory effect of marsh-mallow root helps relieve skin irritation caused by furunculosis, eczema, and dermatitis. | |
Marula Oil | Sclerocarya Birrea (Marula) Seed Oil | Deeply moisturizes and soothes and hydrates skin. It contains strong anti-oxidants and promotes skin cell regeneration. Easily absorbs onto skin to deeply moisturize and smoothen. It contains anti-bacterial and excellent anti-aging properties. | Zimbabwe. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Matricaria Flower | Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract | Commonly used to relieve inflammatory skin conditions and calm sensitive skin. Provides some antioxidant protection and can be used to soothe, moisturize and inhibit the growth of bacteria. | |
Meadowfoam Seed Oil | Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil | This is a moisturising waxy oil. It contains Vitamin C - an anti-oxidant which protects the skin against sun damage and environmental stress. It softens ingredients for easy absorption onto the skin and locks in moisture. It also increases the shelf life of the product. | |
Mongongo (Manketti) Oil | Schinziophyton Rautanenii Kernel Oil | Exceptionally high in linoleic acid and also contains alpha linolenic acid, oleic acid, vitamins and minerals. It has anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Cleans, moisturizes, and soothes irritated and dry skin. It contains healing properties for eczema, sunburns and reduces scarring and itching. |
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Moringa Oil | Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil | irritated and dry skin. It contains healing properties for eczema, sunburns and reduces scarring and itching. | Ghana. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Neem Oil | Melia Azadirachta Seed Oil | An emmolient which reduces moisture loss. Contains Vitamin E and fattry acids. Clears acne, evens skin tone, reduces the appearance of wrinkles and is anti -inflamatory. Great for eczema. | India. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Niacinamide | A Vitamin B3 which has anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and anti-oxidant properties. It is good in fighting skin discolouration, hyper-pigmentation and blemishes without causing irritation. It also helps to protect the skin against the damaging sun rays. It helps to keep the skin radiant and youthful. | ||
Oleyl Erucate | N/A | Contains a variety of fatty acids that hydrates, softens and smoothens the skin. It also adds gloss to the emulsion. | |
Olive Oil | Olea europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil | Mild and gentle fatty acid. It gives a clean feel on. Helps with dry irritated skin and can relive acne, eczema and psorias. | Africa, Morocco. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Orange | Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract | Stimulates collagen production, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines while delivering anti-inflammatory activity. | |
Orange Peel | Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil | It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin lightening, and anti-microbial properties. It has also been shown to offer smoothe and plump skin. | |
Panthenol | N/A | A moisturising ingredient that helps the skin to retain moisture by pulling moisture on to the skin surface and locking it in. It softens, soothes and is also used as an anti-irritant. | |
Pelargonium Graveolens Flower | Pelargonium Graveolens (Geranium) Flower Oil | Geranium flower oil is an emollient moisturizer which contains anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties that protects and promotes healthy skin. It has anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory properties that protects and promotes healthy skin. It protects the skin moisture barrier. It promotes anti-aging by improving the look of fine lines and scars. | South Africa |
Peppermint Extract | Mentha Piperita (Peppermint) Extract | A skin conditioning agent which provides a cooling effect on the skin to soothe minor irritations. It contains anti-oxidants that help to reduce the visibility of wrinkles on the skin. | |
Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract | Phyllanthus Emblica | Contains anti-oxidant and soothing properties. It minimises the appearance of age and sun-damage on the skin. | |
Polyglyceryl-3 Dicitrate/Stearate | N/A | A skin conditioning agent that is useful in keeping the ingredients of the formula blended. It also serves as a surfactant. | |
Polyglyceryl-3 Dicitrate/Stearate | N/A | A skin conditioning agent that is useful in keeping the ingredients of the formula blended. It also serves as a surfactant. | |
Prickly Pear Oil | Opuntia Ficus-Indica Seed Oil | This wonder oil is extracted from the seeds of the prickly pear fruit. The oil is composed of omega 6 and 9, essential fatty acids, vitamins A and E, amino acids, and polyphenols. It has a wide range of benefits that hydrates, soothe and give your skin a firm, youthful look, by promoting skin cell regeneration, preventing skin dehydration, and brightening skin. | South Africa, North Africa. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Propanediol | N/A | A Vitamin B3 which has anti- inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. It is excellent in fighting skin discolouration/pigmentation and protects against sun-damage and oxidative stress. It increases product absorption onto skin. It is hydrating and moisturising. | |
Quince Seed Extract | Pyrus Cydonia (Quince) Seed Extract | This is a film-foaming agent that soothes and calms skin irritations. It is hydrating and improves skin elasticity and texture. | |
Rapeseed Oil | Brassica Campestris | Rich in Vitamin K, Omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids. Contains Vitamin E, a soluble anti-oxidant which softens and nourishes the skin. | Canada |
Rooibos | Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Extract | Contains strong anti-oxidants with excellent anti-ageing properties. It reduces wrinkles and promotes skin cell regeneration. Rich in alpha hydroxy and zinc which are essential nutrients for the skin. It fights acne and promotes healthy skin. It contains anti-bacterial properties that fight off bacterial activity to promote healthy skin. | South Africa. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Rooibos Leaf Extract | Aspalathus Linearis (Rooibos) Leaf Extract | It is a soothing ingredient with anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a good source of Vitamin D and zinc and is rich in anti-oxidants that protects the skin against oxidative and environmental stress. | South Africa. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Rose Geranium Oil | Pelargonium Graveolens (Rose Geranium) Oil | A soothing moisturizer which contains anti-microbial and anti-oxidants properties. It regulates sebum production and fights acne breakouts. It reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the skin. | Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Rose Water | Rosa Damascena Flower Water | A hydrosol of the distilled rose petals. It is a moisturising and soothing cleanser that helps to unclog skin pores, control excess oil and bacterial activity on the skin. It helps to maintain the skin’s pH balance and contains anti-oxidants that protect the skin from oxidative stress to give the skin a youthful look. A natural skin toner. It hydrates and soothes sensitive skin. | |
Rosemary Leaf Extract | Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract | A skin conditioning agent with anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. It clears blemishes and overall optimises the skin. | |
Sage | Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract | It is used as a skin-conditioning agent and fragrance. It has anti-microbial properties, thought to be because of the thujone content. It can protect formulas against certain bacteria and fungi. | |
Salicylic Acid | N/A | Helps the skin to shed dead cells from the top layer and decreases redness and swelling (inflammation). This decreases the number of pimples that form and speeds healing. | |
Shea Butter | Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter) | An emollient and an excellent moisturizer. A soap base that gives it cleansing and moisturizing properties. Shea butter contains vitamins A, E, F; evens skin tone, moisturizes, protects, softens and restores skin’s elasticity. It balances skin tone, softens the skin and protects against environmental stresses. It naturally fades spots and brightens the skin. | Ghana. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Shea Oil | Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Nut Extract | An emollient and an excellent moisturizer. This is usually the base of the soap and gives it cleansing and moisturizing properties. Shea Oil contains vitamins A, E, F; evens skin tone, moisturizes, protects, softens and restores skin’s elasticity. | Ghana/France |
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate | N/A | A stable Vitamin C which enhances a collagen synthesis. It contains antioxidant; anti-inflammatory and skin whitening properties. | |
Sodium Dehydroacetate | N/A | Kills micro organisms and prevents their growth and reproduction, thus protecting cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage. | |
Sodium Hydroxide | N/A | Used to hold the pH of a product. | |
Sodium PCA | N/A | Reduces inflammation. It increases the water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air. | |
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate | N/A | It is used as an emulsifier and surfactant, which stabilizes the hydrating ingredients in the skincare cream. | |
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate | N/A | This is a stable Vitamin C which enhances a collagen synthesis. It contains antioxidant; anti-inflammatory and skin whitening properties. | |
Sorbitan Caprylate | N/A | A handy multi-functional helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix (aka emulsifier), helps to thicken up a formula and boosts the effectiveness of traditional preservatives. | |
Stearic Acid | N/A | It is a co-emulsifier used to thicken and texturize the emulsion. | |
Sugar Maple | Acer Saccharum (Sugar Maple) Extract | It deep cleans pores and sloughs off dead skin cells on the skin, which helps tighten and smoothe the skin and reduces the look of age spots. | |
Sugarcane | Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract | It is extremely useful in minimizing blemishes and keeping the skin hydrated. The therapeutic properties of sugarcane extracts heal the dry skin on the face more quickly and keep it hydrated from within. | |
Sweet Almont Oil | N/A | A lovely moisturizing oil that is very light and absorbs well. In soap, it produces a low, stable lather. | US, Turkey, Africa. Natural, certified organic, wild-harvested, cold pressed, unrefined and non-comedogenic. |
Sweet Orange Peel Oil | Citrus Sinensis (Sweet Orange) Peel Oil | This essential oil is one of the most effective for keeping your skin clean and clear of acne. Improves the look of dark spots and blemishes via Vitamin C. Smoothes wrinkles. Antibacterial properties help protect skin. Sloughs off dead skin cells. Protects against irritation. Promotes cell growth and collagen synthesis. Improves elasticity. Protects the skin’s moisture barrier. Serves as anti-depressant and anti-anxiety in aromatherapy. | |
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate | N/A | It works as a stabilizer in cosmetic formulations to preventing the natural discoloration of shampoos and gels. It is used to enhance and preserve the formulation's ingredients. | |
Triethyl Citrate | N/A | Used as a solvent. | |
Tocopherol | N/A | A Vitamin E compound that acts as a preservative. | |
Water | Aqua | Solvent. | |
Witch Hazel | Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract | As a natural astringent, helps to control acne by decreasing redness and oil secretion. It can also lessen bacteria growth on the skin, balance the skin's pH level, and act as a skin conditioning agent to reduce the appearance of pores. | America |
Xanthan Gum | N/A | A thickening and stabilising agent which is also used as a binder for the formula. It increases product viscosity and improves product shelf life. |